Plants
All plants are multicellular eukaryotes that are photosynthetic autotrophs. This means that plants have more than one cell, their cells contain nuclei, they get energy through photosynthesis, and they make their own food. After reading this description, you might be thinking, "Hey, wait a minute, some algae share those same characteristics, like giant brown seaweeds!" Don't worry, there are ways to distinguish plants from multicellular algae other than the characteristics listed above. Plants are nearly all terrestrial organisms, although some can live in the water. The resources plants need from above ground are light and carbon dioxide, and the resources they use from the soil are water and mineral nutrients. Plants show structural specialization- they have roots and leaf-bearing shoots. Most above ground plants have a waxy coating called a cuticle to prevent water loss and to help with protection.
Nutrition and Reproduction!
Plant Nutrition:
Plants obtain their nutrition from the soil as well as from the atmosphere. Plants use sunlight as an energy source, as well as macromolecules broken into oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. Plants can also absorb nutrients from the soil into thier root systems, and photosynthesize for energy.
Plants need lots of different molecules, and use many different chemicals in thier diet. Aside from Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen, plants use Nitrogen, Potassium, and Phosphorous, which are obtained from the soil and are the primary macronutrients. Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfur are the secondary macronutrients needed in lesser quantity. The micronutrients, needed in very small quantities and toxic in large quantities, include Iron, Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Boron, and Chlorine.
Roots are used in much of that macromolecule absorption. Root structures like nodules and root hairs are part of that nutrition structure. Roots have extensions of the root epidemal cells known as root hairs. While root hairs greatly enlarge the surface area, the addition of fungi that lives symbiotically with the plant also helps increase the area of the root for absorbing water and minerals from the soil.
Also, to uptake nutrients, plants depend on the vascular system. The system is made up of root hairs which are thin-walled extensions of the epidermal cells in roots. They provide increased surface area and thus more efficient absorption of water and minerals. Water and dissolved mineral nutrients enter the plant via two routes.
Xylem is the water transporting tissue in plants. Water is pulled up the xylem by the force of transpiration, which is water loss from leaves. Water lost from the leaves causes diffusion of additional water molecules out of the leaf vein xylem, creating a tug on water molecules along the water columns within the xylem. This "tug" causes water molecules to rise up from the roots to eventually the leaves. The loss of water from the root xylem allows additional water to pass throught the endodermis into the root xylem.
Plants make sugar by photosynthesis, usually in their leaves. Some of this sugar is directly used for the metabolism of the plant, some for the synthesis of proteins and lipids, some stored as starch. Other parts of the plant also need energy but are not photosynthetic, such as the roots. Food must therefore be transported in from a source, an action accomplished by the phloem tissue.
Reproduction:
One simple way plants reproduce is through mitosis. This is asexual reproduction. Plants can also sexually reproduce, and that is recombination of genes.
Flowers, which are sexual organs of plants, have different parts which contain specialized cells, called ovules, they have the job of making the seeds. Different kinds of flowers have many different parts. The stamen is the male part of a flower and has an anther on a stalk. The anther s job is to produce the pollen. Then there is the pistil, or female part. The pistil contains the flower's ovary, the style, and the stigma. Inside the ovary are the ovules. Each ovule contains an egg cell. So when an egg cell joins with a pollen cell, a seed may be produced. The ovary is at the base of the plant. The stigma is at the top, and between them is the style. So, the pollen from the anther has to land on the stigma. When that happens, the pollen germinates and makes its way down into the ovary. Inside the ovary are the ovules, which contain egg cells. When an egg cell joins with a pollen cell, a seed may be produced. Then the ovary becomes a fruit. So a fruit is a mature ovary holding the seeds. Insects also have an intigral part in this reproduction, As they land on the flower to collect the nectar, some of the pollen is brushed on these hairs. Then the insect carries the pollen to the next flower, and pollination takes place. Plants can be grown without seeds by cuttings. A cutting can be from any part of the fully-grown plant, and when it is placed in soil, it may produce a new plant.
Plant Anatomy:
Plants have two organ systems, the shoot system and the root system. The shoot system is above ground and includes leaves, buds, stems, flowers and fruits. THe root system is below ground and includes roots, tubers and rhizomes.
There are three tissue types- dermal, ground and vascular. The dermal tissue includes epidermal cells which are closely packed and secrete a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss. Ground tissue makes up most of the primary plant body, and vascular tissue transports food, water, hormones and minerals. It includes, xylem, phloem, parenchyma and cambium.
The meristem is a region of localized mitosis- this is how plants grow. Growth occurs at the tip (apical) or laterally. Parenchyma cells are alive at maturity and serve for storage, photosynthesis, and make up most of the ground and vascular tissue. Collenchyma cells and sclerenchyma cells support the plant.
The xylem of a plant is a woody wall of certain plant cells. Xylem conducts water and minerals away from roots to leaves. The phloem cells conduct food rom leaves to the rest of the plant, and are usually located outside of the xylem. Epidermal tissue helps with prevention of water loss and creates a barrier for invaders. Stomata are openings in the inner parts of leaves, stems and fruits that are there for gas exchange. Guard cells are bean-shaped cells that cover stomata openings to help regulate exchanges.
Go here to see pictures of plant anatomy:
Divisons:
There are eleven divisions within the kingdom Plantae.
Nonvascular Plants (Byrophytes):
1.Bryophyta (Mosses)
2.Hepatophyta (Liverworts)
3.Anthocerophyta (Hornworts)
Vascular Plants:
Seedless Vascular Plants
4.Lycophyta (Lycophytes)
5.Sphenophyta (Horsetails)
6.Pterophyta (Ferns)
Seed Plants
Gymnosperms
7.Coniferophyta (Conifers)
8.Cycadophyta (Cycads)
9.Ginkgophyta (Ginko)
10.Gnetophyta (Gnetae)
Agniosperms
11.Anthophyta (Flowering Plants)
Its that time again. Time to play a game! These games involve interesting photosynthetic scenery. Make sure you enjoy it while you either whack-a-ground hog, or while you watch santa ski jumping. Both involve green plants! 
